Before World War II, there were numerous instances where Jewish communities were expelled, often due to various socio-political, economic, or religious reasons. Here is a list of some significant historical expulsions:
England in 1290: King Edward I expelled the Jewish population from England, marking the first complete expulsion of Jews from a European country.
France in 1306, 1322, 1394: Multiple expulsions occurred from France, with the most notable being in 1394 by Charles VI, after which Jews were not officially allowed back until the French Revolution.
Spain in 1492: The Alhambra Decree by King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I expelled Jews from Spain, leading to the Sephardic diaspora.
Portugal in 1496: Following Spain's example, King Manuel I of Portugal expelled Jews who did not convert to Christianity.
Bavaria and other parts of Germany: There were multiple local expulsions throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, like from Mainz in 1012, and various cities under the Holy Roman Empire.
Hungary in 1349-1360: Due to the Black Death, Jews were expelled from Hungary.
Austria in 1421: The Jewish population was expelled from Austria under Duke Albert V.
Lithuania in 1445: Jews were expelled from Lithuania by Casimir IV.
Sicily and Sardinia in 1492: Following the Spanish expulsion, Sicily and Sardinia also expelled their Jewish populations.
Provence in 1501: After being part of the Kingdom of France, Provence expelled its Jews.
Italy (various cities and states): There were local expulsions in cities like Milan in 1489, and Venice in 1397, although these were sometimes reversed.
Morocco: There were instances of expulsion or forced migration, particularly in the 15th century.
Papal States in 1569: Pope Pius V expelled Jews from the Papal States, except for Rome and Ancona.
This list is not exhaustive, as there were many more local expulsions or pogroms that forced Jewish migration. The exact number of countries or territories from which Jews were expelled before WWII is difficult to quantify due to the fluid nature of political boundaries, the variety of expulsion decrees, and the often temporary nature of some expulsions where Jews were allowed to return after some time or under different rulers. However, these incidents highlight a pattern of expulsion over centuries across Europe and parts of the Muslim world.